Introduction

Supporting the imaging needs of the multifaceted life science and biotechnology research industries, modern microscopy equipment offers magnification, resolution, and contrast for visualization, measurement and analysis of microstructures. Advancements in microscopes leverage visible and nonvisible light to provide high-quality images of cells. There are four types of microscopy: optical, electron, scanning probe microscopy, and the developing field of X-ray microscopy.

Introduction

Modern microscopy equipment offers magnification, resolution, and contrast for visualization, measurement and analysis of microstructures to support imaging needs in life science and biotechnology research. Laboratory technicians have access to more sophisticated microscopy equipment than ever before providing high-quality images of cell structures. There are four types of microscopes; optical, electron, scanning probe microscopy, and the developing field of X-ray microscopy.

Introduction

The implementation of automated metrology systems has been a key to achieving cost effective semiconductor fabrication. The complex nature of semiconductor fabrication requires multiple tests between processing steps to inspect defects as well as measure dimensional properties including thickness, refractive index, resistivity and stress of the thin films. Because thermal noise can impact the image resolution of sensitive optical components in automated metrology systems, a thermal management system is required.

Introduction

Semiconductor metrology is critical in the semiconductor fabrication process. The complex nature of semiconductor fabrication now requires multiple test stages in between processing steps. Thin film semiconductor wafers are tested using several techniques including ellipsometry and reflectometry. Sophisticated optical equipment is used to inspect for defects as well as for accurate dimensional measurements. Manufacturers of optical inspection systems must integrate a thermal solution for temperature stabilization of optical components.

Thermoelectric Chillers for Low-Power Lasers

Introduction

Lasers come in many different sizes and power levels. High power lasers are commonly used for brazing, metal cutting, deep metal welds and metal cleaning, while low power lasers can be used for printing & marking, soldering, plastic welding and laser powder remelting. For all laser technologies, OEMs seek advanced cooling of the power source and the laser optics to maintain peak performance and long life operation.

Introduction

Mass spectrometers measure the mass-to-charge ratio of molecules in a given sample. The technology helps forensic scientists and medical professionals, among others, identify a complex substance’s elements for applications in drug testing, food contamination detection, pesticide residue analysis, isotope ratio determination, protein identification and carbon dating. In medical labs, the equipment can diagnose nutritional and metabolism deficiencies, identify biomarkers and enzymes, and determine toxic levels of dangerous substances.

Introduction

Electron microscopes are powerful laboratory tools used to observe samples across many scientific disciplines. These advanced analytical instruments enable researchers to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze samples in fields like metallography, metrology, anthropology, zoology, epidemiology and more. Temperature control plays a dynamic role in ensuring the proper operation of electron microscopes.

Introduction

Industrial lasers are used for a wide range of applications including cutting, welding, micro-machining, additive manufacturing and drilling. No matter the application, industrial laser systems generate a significant amount of heat. There are several different types of industrial laser technologies, ultimately distinguished by the power density of the laser and its use. For all laser technologies, OEMs seek advanced cooling of the power source and the laser optics.

Introduction

Increased server rack density has been greatly impacted by advancements in artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, blockchain, cryptocurrency and the demand for increased computing power and performance requirements. This has contributed to an increase in the amount of heat generated in data centers. Traditional methods of air cooling have fallen short of meeting the thermal management requirements for the latest generation of servers, central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs).